Teoría del Afrontamiento Consciente y Autoconciencia Adaptativa en las mujeres en reclusión / Theory of Conscious Coping and Adaptive Self-Awareness in women in prison

OBJETIVO: desarrollar una Teoría de Afrontamiento Consciente y Autoconciencia Adaptativa en Mujeres en Reclusión, como fundamento teórico para el estudio de investigación, el cual fue derivado del Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy. METODOLOGÍA: Para realizar el proceso de derivación teórica, se utilizó la metodología de Jaqueline Fawcett, la cual consta de 5 pasos: 1. la identificación de conceptos, en este paso abarca el nombre del modelo conceptual; 2.Clasificación de los conceptos, es aplicable solamente a los conceptos de la teoría de alcance intermedio o de rango medio;3. Identificación y clasificación de las proposiciones, que se realiza conforme a las propiedades de observabilidad y variabilidad del fenómeno; 4. El ordenamiento jerárquico de las proposiciones, es decir, la organización de las proposiciones jerárquicamente según su nivel de abstracción; y, 5. La construcción de diagramas, la formalización de una Estructura Teórico-Conceptual-Empírico. DESARROLLO: se definieron los cuatros conceptos principales de la teoría como el estrés percibido, respuestas emocionales, afrontamiento consciente y la autoconciencia adaptativa en las mujeres en reclusión. CONCLUSIÓN: el desarrollo de una derivación teórica basada en el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy para la Teoría del afrontamiento consciente y la autoconciencia adaptativa es importante, ya que permite una comprensión más profunda de cómo las mujeres en reclusión pueden adaptarse y enfrentar los desafíos que enfrentan en su entorno carcelario.

PURPOSE: To develop for this research study a Theory of Conscious Coping and Adaptive Self-Awareness in Women in Confinement, which was derived from Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. METHODOLOGY: To carry out the theoretical derivation process, Jaqueline Fawcett's 5-step methodology was used: 1. Identification of concepts, in this case reflected in the name of the conceptual model; 2. Classification of concepts, applicable only to the concepts of the intermediate or mid-range theory; 3. Identification and classification of propositions, which is carried out according to the properties of observability and variability of the phenomenon; 4. The hierarchical ordering of propositions, that is, the organization of propositions hierarchically according to their level of abstraction; 5. The construction of diagrams, supporting the formalization of a Theoretical-Conceptual-Empirical Structure. DEVELOPMENT: the four main concepts of the theory were defined as perceived stress, emotional responses, conscious coping, and adaptive self-awareness in women in confinement. CONCLUSION: The development of a theoretical derivation based on Callista Roy's adaptation model for Conscious Coping Theory and Adaptive Self-Awareness is important, as it allows for a deeper understanding of how women in confinement can adapt and cope with the challenges they face in their prison environment.

Resting EEG, Hair Cortisol and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older People with Different Perceived Socioeconomic Status.

Successful aging depends upon several internal and external factors that influence the overall aging process. Objective and subjective socioeconomic status emerge as potential psychosocial factors in the ethiopathophysiology of aging-related disorders. Presumably, low socioeconomic status can act as a psychosocial stressor that can affect humans' physiology via psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms, that may, in turn, affect the brain physiology. In resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), excess theta and delta activity has been related to cognitive decline and dementia. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effect of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on cognition and brain electrical activity through EEG measures. The present research constitutes a cross-sectional study with thirty healthy older adults (61-82 years old) separated into two clusters: high socioeconomic (HS) and low socioeconomic (LS) status; they were evaluated and compared in cognitive terms using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV). An EEG at rest was recorded to measure brain activity and, as an indicator of long-term stress exposure, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were measured. Our results show that lower SES is related to a worse performance in working memory tasks (p = 0.009), higher delta (p = 0.002) and theta power (p = 0.039), and lower alpha activity (p = 0.028). However, it seems that SES does not significantly affect HCC in this population of healthy older adults. The effects of SES on long-term cortisol exposure, brain electrical activity, and cognitive functions in healthy older people emphasize the role of psychosocial factors in aging from an integrative perspective that will allow us to implement better prevention programs to target cognitive decline in adults.

Daily intake of a bean-fiber fortified bar reduces oxidative stress

as been proposed that the consumption of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reduces cardiovascular risk, and prevents and controls both chronic and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity of a bean-fiber fortified bar (BFB) versus a commercial bar (CB) in 60 Mexican men and women (18-65 years old), who were randomly distributed in two groups: BFB or CB; individuals consumed a bar a day for one month. Anthropometric data, food intake and blood samples were collected. Glucose tolerance (GTT), lipid profile (PL), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) tests were performed; carbonyls groups in serum oxidized proteins were also measured. GTT and PL were not different between both groups in either the 15 or 30-day follow-up of bar consumption assessments. There were no significant differences in either TBARS or carbonyl concentration between groups; BFB group showed higher levels of serum lipid peroxidation in basal and fifteen days measurements; these levels decreased at the final evaluation: No differences were detected on carbonyl levels between groups. In conclusion, 30 days of fiber bean bar consumption did not alter glucose or PL levels, while, in the BFF group, oxidative stress decreased within 30 days of the consumption of the fortified bar(AU)

Se ha propuesto que el consumo de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reduce el riesgo cardiovascular, y previene y controla las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la capacidad antioxidante de una barra fortificada con fibra de frijol (BFB) versus una barra comercial (CB) en 60 hombres y mujeres mexicanos (18-65 años de edad), quienes aleatoriamente fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: El grupo BFB y el CB que consumieron la barras fortificada con frijol y la barra comercial, respectivamente, durante un mes. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos, ingesta de alimentos y muestras de sangre. Se realizó prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa (GTT), el perfil de lípidos (PL), la peroxidación de lípidos (TBARS) y la cuantificación de carbonilos en proteínas oxidadas como pruebas de bioquímica sanguínea. GTT y PL no fueron diferentes entre ambos grupos en la evaluación de seguimiento de 15 y 30 días del consumo de la barra. No hubo diferencias significativas en los TBARS o la concentración de carbonilo entre los grupos, el grupo BFB mostró niveles más altos de peroxidación de lípidos en suero en la fase basal y a los quince días del consumo de la barra; curiosamente, estos niveles disminuyeron en la evaluación final. No se detectaron diferencias en los niveles de carbonilo entre los grupos. En conclusión, 30 días de consumo de barras de fibra de frijol no alteraron los niveles de glucosa o PL; mientras que, en el grupo BFB, el estrés oxidativo disminuyó a los 30 días del consumo de la barra fortificada(AU)

Strawberry Intake Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Decreases GABA Levels Induced by High-Fat Diet in Frontal Cortex of Rats.

It has been proposed that there is a correlation between high-fat diet (HFD), oxidative stress and decreased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, but this has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In the present study, we determined the effects of strawberry extract intake on the oxidative stress and GABA levels in the frontal cortex (FC) of obese rats. We observed that an HFD increased lipid and protein oxidation, and decreased GABA levels. Moreover, UV-irradiated strawberry extract (UViSE) decreased lipid peroxidation but not protein oxidation, whereas non-irradiated strawberry extract (NSE) reduced protein oxidation but not lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, NSE increased GABA concentration, whereas UViSE was not as effective. In conclusion, our results suggest that an HFD increases oxidative damage in the FC, whereas strawberry extract intake may ameliorate the disturbances associated with HFD-induced oxidative damage.

Ultraviolet light-C increases antioxidant capacity of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in vitro and in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.

Flavonoids and polyphenols from the strawberry and other fruits have been proposed to reduce the oxidative stress produced by the obesity and her complications. Moreover, it has been proposed that irradiation with UV-C to strawberry may increase the antioxidant capacity of this fruit. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of the UV-C on antioxidant capacity of strawberry in vitro and in vivo. Strawberry slices were irradiated with ultraviolet light-C (UV-C) at 1.2 W/m2/16.5 min; then, the power antioxidant was isolated from the nonirradiated and irradiated strawberry slices into an organic phase, which was lyophilized to finally producing a nonirradiated strawberry extract (NSE) and UV-irradiated strawberry extract (UViSE) powder. After the antioxidant capacity of both extracts were determined in vitro using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and in vivo using high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Our results demonstrated that irradiation with UV-C to strawberry slices increased the antioxidants content, which was corroborated in vitro, where the antioxidant capacity of UViSE was higher than the NSE. However, in obese rats, the reduction in the oxidative damage by the UViSE and NSE were similar in peripheral tissues. Interestingly, the UViSE was better than the NSE to reduce the oxidative damage in brain. In conclusion, UV-irradiation increases the antioxidants content of strawberry that is correlated with an increased antioxidant capacity in vitro, but in rats, this antioxidant capacity may be more effective in brain than in peripheral tissues.

Symptoms at postmenopause: genetic and psychosocial factors.

OBJECTIVE: Menopause symptoms result from the interaction of estrogen deprivation, psychosocial influences, and genetic factors. We examined the influence of stress and of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α; PvuII and XbaI) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) polymorphisms on symptoms at postmenopause. METHODS: We studied 290 urban women from three cities in Mexico. General characteristics, menopause symptoms, and scores of perceived stress, effort-reward imbalance, dominance, and submission were collected. A fasting blood sample was obtained for hormone measurements and genotypification. RESULTS: Women had a mean ± SD age of 54.4 ± 4.5 years and BMI of 29.5 ± 4.9 kg/m. The frequency of hot flashes was 75.5%; vaginal dryness, 57.8%; and diminished sexual interest, 78.7%. Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were 59 ± 27 mIU/mL and 22 ± 29 pg/mL, respectively. Women from Torreón had higher schooling and less parity but higher scores for depression and lower submission. Hot flashes were more frequent in women from León. Genotype distribution was similar among cities. Lower scores for dominance were found in women with the pp and xx ER-α genotypes. Increased smoking habit was found for the SS genotype of 5-HTT. Factors significantly associated with symptoms were years since menopause, with hot flashes (negative), and with diminished sexual interest (positive); dominance was negatively associated with depression, perceived stress, and vaginal dryness; submission was positively associated with depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and hot flashes; and effort-reward imbalance was positively associated with anxiety, hot flashes, and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms at postmenopause were associated mainly with dominance, submission, and effort-reward imbalance. The pp genotype of ER-α showed lower scores of dominance.